How can confucianism and taoism coexist

Following the experience of managing Buddhism, the government set up institutions to manage Taoism, Christianity and Islam, and strictly managed religious organizations and activities, such as approving the establishment of temples and monasteries, issuing religious IDs, and prohibiting large-scale religious gatherings. Meanwhile, the government left detailed religious affairs to run by monks themselves. The Yuan and Qing dynasties attached great importance to uniting religious leaders of ethnic minorities and set up institutions to manage religious affairs of ethnic minorities.

In view of the special status of the Grand Living Buddha of Tibetan Buddhism in the social life of Tibet, in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the reincarnation procedures of the Living Buddhas were gradually brought under jurisdiction of the central government and national laws and regulations. Later was formed a full set of rigorous and well-organized religious rituals and historical convention, including the search for spiritual children and the "Golden Urn Lottery".

The reincarnation of the Living Buddha produced by the "Golden Urn Lottery" shall be submitted to the central government for approval before the child can officially succeed to the Living Buddha. Special cases requesting exemption from the "Golden Urn Lottery" shall also be submitted to the central government for approval.

Since the end of the Cold War, in view of conflicts among different religions and sects in the world, religious issues have posed difficult problems for social, national and global governance. The Communist Party of China insists on treating religious issues as a major issue in national governance, adhering to law-based management of religious affairs, formulating laws and regulations such as Regulations on Religious Affairs, the Measures on the Management of the Reincarnation of Living Buddhas of Tibetan Buddhism, among other laws and regulations.

A new realm of governance of religious affairs with Chinese characteristics was created. It not only contributes to Chinese governance of religious affairs, but also sets a model for global governance of religious affairs. The separation of government and religion is the fundamental principle for multiple religions in China to maintain harmonious coexistence.

Since ancient times, China, in the spirit of seeking unity of Man and nature, has a long history of pursuing unity of laws and regulations. The political design, "the central government should be responsible for national affairs. The Sovereign has the final say, whom local officials should serve" raised over 2, years ago by a great Legalist thinker, Han Feizi, laid the theoretical foundation for the unification of China, and was widely accepted by later generations.

In the Chinese history, the emperor has been regarded by secular society as the "son of Heaven" and the emperor's power is "ordained by Heaven". However, in the relationship between the secular regime and the religious power, the central governments of all dynasties believed the religious power should not interfere with the secular regime, which has become an iron law.

However, it does not mean the separation of government and religion should be the ultimate goal in itself, but on the basis of such separation, the government should strive for a harmonious benign interactive relationship with religions.

For example, during periods of the Yuan, Ming, Qing dynasties and the Republic of China, whenever Tibetan Buddhist monks went to the heartland for religious purposes, the government would accord them high courtesy, but restrict residents in the heartland to become believers in Tibetan Buddhism.

Since the peaceful liberation of Tibet in , the central government has respected the religious beliefs and customs of the Tibetan people. On March 10, , a reactionary group of Tibetan upper class headed by the Dalai Lama launched an all-round armed rebellion in an attempt to split the motherland. With the overwhelming support of the liberated serfs, the rebellion was soon quashed. As a result, the feudal serfdom was completely abolished. The separation of government and religion was realized.

And citizens' right to freedom of religious belief was fully respected. The state ensures normal religious activities are to be protected from any interference.

The state has undertaken maintenance, renovation and restoration of temples, cultural relics and historic sites, including famous Potala Palace, Jokhang temple, Tashilhunpo temple and other cultural relics under national protection and important temples of all sects of Tibetan Buddhism.

The Buddhist community is supported by the state in collating and publishing Tibetan Buddhist scriptures, such as the Tripitaka in Tibetan language, and in establishing the High-level Tibetan Buddhism College of China in Beijing and the Tibetan Buddhism Institute in Lhasa.

Tibetan culture and religion has entered a new era of development. As early as 60 B. Chinese became one of the common languages in the official documents of the Xinjiang regions. Since then, the central governments of later dynasties have continuously strengthened administration of Xinjiang. The Tang Dynasty implemented separate administration systems for the Han people and ethnic groups.

Special prefecture-level governments were set up in areas inhabited mainly by ethnic groups, so that their people could be governed by its own customs. In the Yuan Dynasty, its Lingbei province included a part of Xinjiang and a part of Chagatai Khanate the vassal state established by Chagatai, the second son of Genghis Khan of Mongolia.

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During the Zhou Dynasty, for example, writing was standardized, iron working refined, and famous thinkers like Confucius and Sun-Tzu lived and shared their philosophies. Learn more about the history and rich culture of Ancient China with this curated resource collection. Confucianism is one of the most influential religious philosophies in the history of China, and it has existed for over 2, years. It is concerned with inner virtue, morality, and respect for the community and its values.

From the mythic origins of the Chinese dynasties to the eventual fall of the last imperial house, Chinese emperors have long fought to maintain control over one of the most enduring empires on Earth. The rise and fall of various imperial families oversaw waves of innovation and cultural advancement. Join our community of educators and receive the latest information on National Geographic's resources for you and your students. Skip to content.

Photograph by Mark Leong. Twitter Facebook Pinterest Google Classroom. Article Vocabulary. Confucianism Though closer to a philosophy than a true religion , Confucianism was a way of life for ancient Chinese people, and it continues to influence Chinese culture today. Taoism Taoism also called Daoism is a Chinese religion that developed a bit after Confucianism, around two thousand years ago.

Buddhism Buddhism was the third major belief system of ancient China. Media Credits The audio, illustrations, photos, and videos are credited beneath the media asset, except for promotional images, which generally link to another page that contains the media credit. Media If a media asset is downloadable, a download button appears in the corner of the media viewer. Text Text on this page is printable and can be used according to our Terms of Service.

Interactives Any interactives on this page can only be played while you are visiting our website. It is the virtue-form of Heaven, and the source of all other virtues.

Confucianism was the official religion of China from B. Like Taoism, Confucianism spread to other countries and was somewhat dormant in China for a time, but is on the rise once again. For more insight on Confucianism, read the Analects by Confucius. Improve this page Learn More. Skip to main content.

Module Religion.